Daily CO2
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Last CO2 Earth update: loading... on loading..., Hawaii local time (UTC -10)
Data source: NOAA GML (Mauna Loa Observatory)
Units: parts per million (ppm)
This table presents the latest, daily average reading for atmospheric CO2 on the planet. Updates happen once a day with few exceptions.
CO2 Is The Number to Watch
When the trend for atmospheric CO2 trend begins to falter and fall, we can expect global average temperature to follow. For those who care about the sustainability of the planet, and who want it to remain a place where people can flourish, the measured CO2 levels in the atmosphere serve as the single best, real-time signal of whether the world as a whole is on track to a safe future, or needing to do more to get on track.
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Explore the info under the tabs below for more info and daily CO2 readings.
Daily CO2 Comparisons
NOAA Daily CO2
Recent Daily Average CO2 at Mauna Loa
(last 31 days)
Source Graphic: NOAA Daily Average MLO CO2
More NOAA CO2: Daily / Weekly / Monthly
Source Graphic: NOAA Weekly Mauna Loa Web Page
The NOAA CO2 averages use colour codes as follows:
- daily CO2 = black dots
- weekly CO2 = red lines (Sunday to Saturday)
- monthly CO2 = blue lines.
Related Links
CO2 Earth Weekly CO2
Scripps Hourly & Daily CO2
Daily CO2 readings from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography are posted on the Scripps UCSD Keeling Curve website and tweeted from the Scripps @Keeling_Curve account.
One Week | One Month | One Year | Two Years | Record Since 1958 | Since 1700 | 800,000 Years
Source Graphics: Scripps Keeling Curve Website
Scripps reports daily averages based on Mauna Loa local time.
The Scripps graph shows hourly CO2 averages with small grey dots, and daily averages with larger black dots.
Related Links
Scripps UCSD Keeling Curve website
Twitter @Keeling_curve
Scripps CO2 Program MLO Datasets
Daily Global CO2Trend
NOAA's Daily Global CO2 chart averages seasonally-adjusted data from four core observatories at different latitudes from the South Pole to Alaska. Recent values are estimates, not current observations. 
Source Graphic: NOAA Global CO2 Trend webpage
NOAA states that lines in the graphic "are a very good estimate of the global average levels of CO2."
NOAA | Estimated CO2 Trend (seasonally adjusted) daily values
NOAA | Curve Fitting Methods Applied to Time Series in NOAA/ESRL/GMD
Why does the graph show us?
NOAA's Daily Global CO2 table shows us atmospheric CO2 phenomena that Charles David Keeling discovered with the high-precesion CO2 measuring instruments and programs he created in the 1950s. These phenomna include:
- seasonal fluctuations of CO2 levels in well-mixed background air that is free of local influence such as plant respiration and industry
- large difference in seasonable fluctuations betwen the South Pole (least fluctuation) to near the North Pole (highest fluctuation) which shows that seasonal fluctuations are driven mainly by vegetation cycles in the Northern Hemisphere where most land is located.
- year-over-year increases in carbon dioxide--increases that have continued and accelerated since Keeling's discovery and which scientists attribute primarily to emissions caused by human activities (roughly 90% fossil fuel combustion and most of the remainder due to land use changes)
Why does CO2 Earth focus on Mauna Loa CO2 readings?
Maybe you are wondering why CO2 Earth features daily readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) alone and not a seasonally adjusted estimate? If you are, there are many reasons.
First, CO2 readings from Mauna Loa are direct observations of the Earth system. They are precise measurements of the air made at one location in the Earth's atmosphere. They are not projections, estimates or averages that use advanced mathematics to generate a daily number. CO2 Earth was created to make it easy for non-scientists to see changes of consequence to the planet as they happen. Whether the CO2 problem is getting worse or getting resolved, people deserve to have access to objective informaiton without filters and delays. For this reason, CO2 Earth use data from direct observations when it reports the latest available CO2 levels.
This brings us to another reason. Unlike CO2 readings from other observing stations in the world, CO2 readings from Mauna Loa are practically real time.
A third reason relates to reliability. CO2 readings are available from not one, but two scientific institutions: NOAA ESRL (Global Monitoring Division) and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UCSD (Scripps CO2 Program). Each institution measures CO2 readings with separate instruments and reports their readings indepndently of the other. Scripps started continuous measurements at Mauna Loa in 1958. The NOAA-ESRL program started in 1974.
Fourth, the Mauna Loa CO2 record is the the world's longest, continuous record of observations using high precision instruments. Observations today can be compared against observations at the same location over a period of time that is longer than any other.
Fifth, year-over-year comparisons of Mauna Loa CO2 gives people a signal of planetary significance. It's true that Mauna Loa is just a spot on the map. But the year-over-year trend in the Mauna Loa CO2 is essentially the same as the trends at other observing stations. “CO2 is rising everywhere, and at about the same rate” (Volk, 2008, pp. 39-41). Further, the CO2 data presents a trend that is so clear that statistical analysis is not needed to detect it (Tans & Bolin, 2006, p. 329).
And then there is the Mauna Loa Observatory and its remote location in the middle of the largest and deepest ocean on the planet. It is 3,400 metres above sea level on a slope about 3/4 of a kilometre metres below the top of the tallest mountain on Earth. (McGee, 2017, p. 99) NOAA-ESRL states that "the undisturbed air, remote location, and minimal influences of vegetation and human activity at MLO are ideal for monitoring constituents in the atmosphere that can cause climate change (NOAA-ESRL, GMD, 2020)."
More Data
Mauna Loa CO2
CO2.Earth Daily CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Weekly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Monthly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Yearly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth CO2 Trend
Comments & Corrections
If you notice an issue with information on this page, please This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. so we can fix it or explain it.
Daily CO2 backup
Unpublished
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Last CO2 Earth update: loading... on loading..., Hawaii local time (UTC -10)
This table presents the most up-to-date, daily average reading for atmospheric CO2 on the planet. Units = parts per million (ppm). Measurement location = Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. Source = NOAA-ESRL. See the tabs below for more info and CO2 readings.
Daily CO2 Is The Number to Watch
It takes just seconds a day to track the leading indicator for the
alignment of human activities with planetary life support systems.
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NOTE: |
CO2 measurements are made by two independent CO2 monitoring programs (NOAA and Scripps) at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, about 3400 metres above sea level. Explore the tabs below where you will see daily CO2 charts and related links.
NOAA Daily CO2
Recent Daily Average CO2 at Mauna Loa
(last 31 days)
Source Graphic: NOAA Daily Average MLO CO2
More NOAA CO2: Daily / Weekly / Monthly
Source Graphic: NOAA Weekly Mauna Loa Web Page
The NOAA CO2 averages use colour codes as follows:
- daily CO2 = black dots
- weekly CO2 = red lines (Sunday to Saturday)
- monthly CO2 = blue lines.
Related Links
CO2 Earth Weekly CO2
Scripps Hourly & Daily CO2
Daily CO2 readings from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography are posted on the Scripps UCSD Keeling Curve website and tweeted from the Scripps @Keeling_Curve account.
One Week | One Month | One Year | Two Years | Record Since 1958 | Since 1700 | 800,000 Years
Source Graphics: Scripps Keeling Curve Website
Scripps reports daily averages based on Mauna Loa local time.
The Scripps graph shows hourly CO2 averages with small grey dots, and daily averages with larger black dots.
Related Links
Scripps UCSD Keeling Curve website
Twitter @Keeling_curve
Scripps CO2 Program MLO Datasets
Daily Global CO2Trend
NOAA's Daily Global CO2 chart averages seasonally-adjusted data from four core observatories at different latitudes from the South Pole to Alaska. Recent values are estimates, not current observations.
Source Graphic: NOAA Global CO2 Trend webpage
NOAA states that lines in the graphic "are a very good estimate of the global average levels of CO2."
NOAA | Estimated CO2 Trend (seasonally adjusted) daily values
NOAA | Curve Fitting Methods Applied to Time Series in NOAA/ESRL/GMD
Why does the graph show us?
NOAA's Daily Global CO2 table shows us atmospheric CO2 phenomena that Charles David Keeling discovered with the high-precesion CO2 measuring instruments and programs he created in the 1950s. These phenomna include:
- seasonal fluctuations of CO2 levels in well-mixed background air that is free of local influence such as plant respiration and industry
- large difference in seasonable fluctuations betwen the South Pole (least fluctuation) to near the North Pole (highest fluctuation) which shows that seasonal fluctuations are driven mainly by vegetation cycles in the Northern Hemisphere where most land is located.
- year-over-year increases in carbon dioxide--increases that have continued and accelerated since Keeling's discovery and which scientists attribute primarily to emissions caused by human activities (roughly 90% fossil fuel combustion and most of the remainder due to land use changes)
Why does CO2 Earth focus on Mauna Loa CO2 readings?
Maybe you are wondering why CO2 Earth features daily readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) alone and not a seasonally adjusted estimate? If you are, there are many reasons.
First, CO2 readings from Mauna Loa are direct observations of the Earth system. They are precise measurements of the air made at one location in the Earth's atmosphere. They are not projections, estimates or averages that use advanced mathematics to generate a daily number. CO2 Earth was created to make it easy for non-scientists to see changes of consequence to the planet as they happen. Whether the CO2 problem is getting worse or getting resolved, people deserve to have access to objective informaiton without filters and delays. For this reason, CO2 Earth use data from direct observations when it reports the latest available CO2 levels.
This brings us to another reason. Unlike CO2 readings from other observing stations in the world, CO2 readings from Mauna Loa are practically real time.
A third reason relates to reliability. CO2 readings are available from not one, but two scientific institutions: NOAA ESRL (Global Monitoring Division) and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UCSD (Scripps CO2 Program). Each institution measures CO2 readings with separate instruments and reports their readings indepndently of the other. Scripps started continuous measurements at Mauna Loa in 1958. The NOAA-ESRL program started in 1974.
Fourth, the Mauna Loa CO2 record is the the world's longest, continuous record of observations using high precision instruments. Observations today can be compared against observations at the same location over a period of time that is longer than any other.
Fifth, year-over-year comparisons of Mauna Loa CO2 gives people a signal of planetary significance. It's true that Mauna Loa is just a spot on the map. But the year-over-year trend in the Mauna Loa CO2 is essentially the same as the trends at other observing stations. “CO2 is rising everywhere, and at about the same rate” (Volk, 2008, pp. 39-41). Further, the CO2 data presents a trend that is so clear that statistical analysis is not needed to detect it (Tans & Bolin, 2006, p. 329).
And then there is the Mauna Loa Observatory and its remote location in the middle of the largest and deepest ocean on the planet. It is 3,400 metres above sea level on a slope about 3/4 of a kilometre metres below the top of the tallest mountain on Earth. (McGee, 2017, p. 99) NOAA-ESRL states that "the undisturbed air, remote location, and minimal influences of vegetation and human activity at MLO are ideal for monitoring constituents in the atmosphere that can cause climate change (NOAA-ESRL, GMD, 2020)."
More Data
Mauna Loa CO2
CO2.Earth Daily CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Weekly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Monthly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Yearly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth CO2 Trend
Comments & Corrections
If you notice an issue with information on this page, please This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. so we can fix it or explain it.
Weekly CO2
Weekly means for atmospheric CO2 originate from the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) and its Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii.
A full-size version of this graphic is available for print media and digital screens.
NOAA-ESRL and Scripps CO2 provide continually-updated graphics with daily and weekly data points plotted over multiple time periods. Use the tabs below to view these graphics as well as links to the NOAA and Scripps websites. The CO2 Earth Records page tracks the latest weekly record-high CO2 levels.
Recent data is preliminary. NOAA-ESRL is the only weekly dataset with values updated in real time. Scripps CO2 posts a weekly CO2 dataset that is updated less frequently.
NOAA Daily & Weekly CO2
This NOAA graphic shows daily CO2 averages with black dots, weekly CO2 averages with red lines (Sunday to Saturday) and monthly CO2 averages with blue lines.
Source Graphic: NOAA Weekly Mauna Loa Weekly CO2 Page
NOAA reports daily averages based on local time in Boulder, Colorado.
Related
NOAA-ESRL Weekly CO2 Dataset with Historical Comparisons (since May 1974) [page]
Scripps Weekly CO2
This Scripps graphic shows hourly CO2 averages with small grey dots, and daily averages with larger black dots.
One Week | One Month | One Year | Two Years | Record Since 1958 | Since 1700 | 800,000 Years
Source Graphics: Scripps Keeling Curve Website
Scripps reports daily averages based on Mauna Loa local time.
Related
Scripps CO2 Program Weekly CO2 Dataset (since 1958) [page]
MORE
Related Data
CO2.Earth Daily CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Monthly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Yearly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth CO2 Trend
About the Data
NOAA How scientists measure background CO2 levels on Mauna Loa
Data Updates
CO2.Earth re-posts source data manually. If you notice an error on our part, a nudge is welcome.
CO2.Earth Nudge Us
Weekly
This graphic presents the latest weekly average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Earth's atmosphere. CO2 concentrations are measured with high-precision instruments at the Mauna Loa Observatory located 3400 metres above sea level in Hawaii. Measurements are made and reported by scientists the Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Related
NOAA GML Source data: Webpage & Data file (txt)
CO2.Earth More weekly CO2 information: Weekly CO2 webpage
Show.Earth HTML to display CO2 levels on websites with The Weekly CO2 Widget
Other CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Daily CO2 Levels
CO2.Earth Monthly CO2 Levels
CO2.Earth Yearly CO2 Levels
CO2.Earth Highest-recorded CO2 levels
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the print media outlets which publish weekly CO2 levels in their newspapers.
Monthly CO2
Mauna Loa CO2
February 2025
NOAA-GML |
SCRIPPS UCSD |
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| Feb. 2025 |
427.09 ppm | 427.01 ppm |
| Feb. 2024 | 424.55 ppm | 424.34 ppm |
| Feb. 2023 | 420.31 ppm | 420.33 ppm |
| Last Update: | Mar. 5, 2025 | Mar. 3, 2025 |
| View Data: | NOAA | Scripps |
Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) | Atmospheric CO2
monthly mean concentrations | ppm = parts per million
Two independent records of CO2 changes are maintained in parallel at Mauna Loa. A graph showing the two records together is available at the bottom of the Scripps CO2 Program website. All-time monthly record highs for CO2 are recorded at the CO2 Records webpage.
Use the tabs below to view the latest monthly CO2 data, charts and related links.
Global Monthly CO2 Data
Global Monthly CO2 Averages
November 2024
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Nov. 2024 |
423.64 ppm |
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Nov. 2023 |
420.37 ppm |
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Nov. 2022 |
417.82 ppm |
| Last Update: | Mar. 5, 2025 |
| View Data: |
NOAA global monthly data NOAA global trends web |
Atmospheric CO2
monthly mean concentrations | ppm = parts per million
NOAA-ESRL-GMD CCGG global cooperative air sampling network
NOAA-ESRL’s Global Monitoring Division (GMD) operates the largest and most comprehensive global network of air sampling sites. In the 1970s, the GMD started air sampling programs at Mauna Loa and other sites around the world. GMD network coordination activities are based in Boulder, Colorado, USA.
NOAA publishes a monthly global average based on CO2 measurements by its distributed network of air sampling sites. Global averages have usually been posted a month after Mauna Loa averages are posted. For example, the Mauna Loa average for January has often been published in the first half of February, and the global average for January has often been published in the first half of March.
Despite seasonal variations at different latitudes, readings from observatories around the world show the same rising CO2 trend from one year to the next. In the book, CO2 Rising, Tyler Volk (2008) writes, "Data from Alaska and Samoa fit right in with the trend from Mauna Loa and the South Pole, where monitoring was begun nearly 20 years earlier. We are witnessing a global phenomenon. CO2 is rising everywhere, and at about the same rate" (pp. 40 -41).
More Info
NOAA-ESRL GMD Global CO2
NOAA-ESRL GMD NOAA-ESRL calculation of global averages
NOAA-ESRL GMD Cooperative Air Sampling Network
SkS CO2 Comparison Chart | Mauna Loa vs. Global Average
SkS CO2 Comparison Chart | Mauna Loa, Alaska, Samoa, South Pole
Reference
Volk, T. (2008). CO₂ rising: The world's greatest environmental challenge (2010 paperback ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Charts for Mauna Loa CO2
Below are two NOAA charts and three Scripps charts. Each chart shows changes in CO2 concentrations at different time scales--from hourly to seasonally. These charts all use averages of readings at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii that started in March 1958.
NOAA Recent Monthly CO2 Averages
Source Graphic NOAA-ESRL [web + png + pdf]
NOAA Monthly CO2 Averages
Scripps Data 1958 - 1974 | NOAA Data 1974 - Present
Source Graphic NOAA-ESRL [web + .png + .pdf]
Scripps Monthly CO2 Averages
March 1958 - Present 
Source Graphic Scripps CO2 Program [web + .png + .pdf]
Scripps Hourly, Daily & Weekly CO2 Averages for the Past Month
Source Graphic Scripps Keeling Curve [web + .png]
Scripps Daily & Weekly CO2 Averages for the Past 6 Months 
Source Graphic: Scripps Keeling Curve [web + .png]
More Scripps Graphics
Scripps CO2 Program Mauna Loa Graphics Gallery
Scripps Keeling Curve Website 1 Week 1 Month 1 Year 2 Years Since 1958 Since 1700 800,000 Years
KC Monthly Web Widget
CO2.earth features this CO2 tracker on its home page using widget html code (available in several sizes) from Show.Earth.
*** More Data
Mauna Loa CO2
CO2.Earth Daily CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Weekly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Yearly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth CO2 Trend
About the Data
NOAA How scientists measure background CO2 levels on Mauna Loa
Monthly Data at Other Stations
CSIRO Monthly GHG Data at Cape Grim, Tasmania
NOAA Monthly CO2 data (in situ) at the South Pole Observatory, Antarctica
Data Updates
Is data reposted incorrectly?
CO2.Earth Nudge Us
Annual CO2 Data
Annual CO2
Atmospheric CO2 Levels
Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) & Global
NOAA-ESRL
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SCRIPPS UCSD
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Year |
NOAA-ESRL
|
| 421.08 | 420.78 | 2023 | TBD |
| 418.53 | 418.22 | 2022 | 417.07 |
| 416.41 | 416.11 | 2021 | 414.70 |
| 414.21 | 413.95 | 2020 | 412.44 |
| 411.65 | 411.42 | 2019 | 410.07 |
| 408.72 | 408.53 | 2018 | 407.61 |
| 406.76 | 406.52 | 2017 | 405.22 |
Feb. 5, 2024 |
Jan. 8, 2024 |
latest update |
Feb. 5, 2023
|
.txt + web |
.csv + web (*) |
source datasets |
.txt + web |
annual mean concentrations | ppm = parts per million
* Annual values for Scripps are calculated by CO2.Earth as a
12-month average of the Scripps monthly mean concentrations.
The direction of atmospheric CO2 has been constant for decades. Year after year since 1958 when Charles David Keeling started measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, earth's background CO2 level has only gone up. Overall, the increases have been accelerating.
The Mauna Loa Observatory is home to two independent CO2 monitoring programs:
- April 1974 - Present Global Monitoring Division | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL)
- 1958 - Present Scripps CO2 Program | Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) at the University of California San Diego (UCSD)
NOAA operates the Mauna Loa facility.
Citing the Current Global Average
Two common ways exist for citing current global average concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere. One uses the annual average concentration measured at one location, the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO). The other uses an annual 'spatial' average of globally-averaged marine surface data from the NOAA-ESRL cooperative air sampling network. The MLO average is considered a good approximation although the data above shows that it is typically about 1.4 ppm aove the spaial average. (Citing global averages is discussed by T.J. Blasing at footnote 7 of the CDIAC update for recent GHG concentrations.)
About the Data
NOAA How scientists measure background CO2 levels on Mauna Loa
CO2.Earth Monitoring CO2
More Data
CO2.Earth Daily CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Weekly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Monthly CO2 Data
CO2.Earth Monitoring CO2
CO2.Earth CO2 Trend
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